UPS Power Supply System and Backup Time Overview

UPS Power Supply Modes

1. Normal Operation Mode
   • When utility power is stable, the UPS converts AC power to DC power to charge the battery. It also provides clean, stable power to devices during voltage fluctuations, surges, or other power issues.
2. Bypass Operation Mode
   • If the UPS encounters overload, overheating, or failure, it switches to bypass mode, where power is directly supplied by the utility grid. This mode uses synchronization technology to ensure seamless switching with zero downtime.
3. Battery Operation Mode
   • During power outages, the UPS converts stored DC power from the battery to AC power to maintain power supply to devices. Battery capacity and load determine the backup time.
4. Maintenance Bypass Mode
   • During UPS maintenance, power is routed through a manual bypass to ensure continuous power to devices while the UPS is serviced.

Enhancing UPS Reliability

1. Series Redundancy
   • Two UPS units are connected so that the backup UPS takes over if the primary fails, ensuring continuous power supply.
2. Output Redundancy
   • Two UPS outputs are combined through a redundancy converter. If one fails, the converter switches to the backup source without interrupting power.
3. Parallel Redundancy
   • Multiple UPS units work together. If one fails, the remaining units take over, allowing for hot-swapping during maintenance.

UPS Backup Time

• Factors Affecting Backup Time:
  Backup time depends on battery capacity and load. Standard UPS units typically provide 5–10 minutes of backup, while extended runtime models can offer 0.5–8 hours or more with additional batteries.
• Typical Applications:
  • Small home/office UPS: ~20 minutes.
  • Large industrial UPS: 1–10 hours (customizable with extended battery configurations).